Contents:
1. Introduction
1.1. Overview
1.2. Key potential benefits: GDI engine versus PFI engine
2. Direct-injection gasoline fuel system
2.1. Fuel system requirements
2.2. Fuel injector considerations
2.3. Fuel spray characteristics
2.3.1. Atomization requirements
2.3.2. Single-fluid high-pressure swirl injector
2.3.3. Effect of injector sac volume
2.3.4. Air-assisted injection
2.3.5. Best practice performance of current GDI injectors
2.3.6. Future requirements of GDI fuel sprays
3. Combustion chamber geometry and in-cylinder mixture dynamics
3.1. Flow structure
3.2. F u e l - a i r mixing
4. Combustion process and control strategies
4.1. Combustion chamber geometry
4.2. In-cylinder charge cooling
4.3. Engine operating modes and fuel injection strategies
4.4. Combustion characteristics
4.5. Injector deposit issues
5. Fuel economy and emissions
5.1. Fuel economy potential
5.2. Emissions versus fuel economy compromise
5.2.1. UBHC emissions
5.2.2. NOx emissions
5.2.3. Particulate emissions
6. Specific combustion systems and control strategies
6.1. Early research engines
6.2. Mitsubishi combustion system
6.3. Toyota combustion system
6.4. Nissan combustion system
6.5. Ford combustion system
6.6. Isuzu combustion system
6.7. Mercedes-Benz combustion system
6.8. Mazda combustion system
6.9. Audi combustion system
6.10. Honda combustion system
6.11. Subaru combustion system
6.12. Fiat combustion system
6.13. Renault combustion system
6.14. Ricardo combustion system
6.15. AVL combustion system
6.16. FEV combustion system
6.17. Orbital combustion system
7. Conclusion
Notes:
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